Background • Federal Census Summary • Counties • Links to State ResourcesBackground
| New Mexico was acquired in part in 1845 when Texas joined the United States, and in part directly from Mexico in 1848 and 1853. New Mexico Territory was established in December 1850, including most of present-day Arizona and parts of Colorado and Nevada. New Mexico acquired essentially its present boundaries in 1863, and was admitted as a State on January 6, 1912. |  |
| Capital: Santa Fe | Total Area: 121,665 sq mi |
| Latitude: 31°20'N to 37°N | Longitude: 103°W to 109°3'W |
| Last Significant Boundary Change:1870 | |
In 1850 census coverage of New Mexico Territory included much of the present State but did not extend beyond it. The 1860 population refers essentially to the present State; it excludes the then Arizona County, which was located within present-day Arizona, as well as areas that became part of Colorado Territory in 1861.
| 1790: --- | 1800: --- | 1810: --- | 1820: --- | 1830: --- | 1840: --- | 1850: 61,547 | 1860: 87,034 |
| 1870: 91,874 | 1880: 119,565 | 1890: 160,282 | 1900: 195,310 | 1910: 327,301 | 1920: 360,350 | 1930: 423,317 | 1940: 531,818 |
| 1950: 681,187 | 1960: 951,023 | 1970: 1,016,000 | 1980: 1,302,894 | 1990: 1,515,069 | 2000: 1,819,046 |
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