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Background • Federal Census Summary • State Map with County Boundaries • Counties • Links to State Resources Background
Ohio was part of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, established in 1787 and commonly known as the Northwest Territory. Besides present-day Ohio it included what are now Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and northeastern Minnesota. In 1800, with the creation of Indiana Territory, the Northwest Territory was reduced essentially to present-day Ohio, a small portion of southeastern Indiana, and the eastern half of lower Michigan. Ohio became a separate territory in 1802 and was admitted as a State on March 1, 1803, with its present boundaries except for a much-disputed strip along the northwestern border. This strip was governed by Michigan Territory until finally ceded to Ohio in 1836.
| Capital: Columbus | Total Area: 44,825 sq mi | ||
| Latitude: 38°27'N to 41°58'N | Longitude: 80°32'W to 84°49'W | ||
| Last Significant Boundary Change: 1840 | |||
In 1790 the Northwest Territory had no census coverage. The 1800 census enumerated population in much of present-day Ohio and in a portion of southeastern Indiana; the total excludes the then Wayne County, nearly all of whose population was in present-day Michigan. The 1810, 1820, and 1830 censuses covered all of present-day Ohio except for the disputed northwestern strip, which was enumerated as part of Michigan.
| 1790: --- | 1800: 42,159 | 1810: 230,760 | 1820: 581,434 |
| 1830: 937,903 | 1840: 1,519,467 | 1850: 1,980,329 | 1860: 2,339,511 |
| 1870: 2,665,260 | 1880: 3,198,062 | 1890: 3,672,329 | 1900: 4,157,545 |
| 1910: 4,767,121 | 1920: 5,759,394 | 1930: 6,646,697 | 1940: 6,907,612 |
| 1950: 7,946,627 | 1960: 9,706,397 | 1970: 10,652,017 | 1980: 10,797,630 |
| 1990: 10,847,115 | 2000: 11,353,140 |